List of former parliamentary republics




Country Became a
parliamentary
republic 		Status
changed 		Changed to Reason for change
Austria First Austrian Republic 1920 1929 Semi-presidential system Constitutional amendment
 Belarus 1990 1994 Presidential system New constitution adopted
 Brazil 1961 1963 Presidential system Referendum
 Burma (present-day Myanmar) 1948 1962 Military dictatorship 1962 Burmese coup d'état
Chile Chile 1891 1924 Military junta 1924 Chilean coup d'état
1925 1925 Presidential system Constitutional amendment
Taiwan Republic of China 1947 1991 Semi-presidential system Constitutional amendment
Czechoslovakia First Czechoslovak Republic 1920 1939 One-party state Munich agreement
Czechoslovakia Third Czechoslovak Republic 1945 1948 One-party state Coup d'état
Czechoslovakia Fifth Czechoslovak Republic 1989 1992 Parliamentary Republics Velvet Divorce
France French Third Republic 1870 1940 Puppet state World War II German Occupation
France French Fourth Republic 1946 1958 Semi-presidential system Political instability
 Guyana 1970 1980 Presidential system Constitutional amendment
Hungary Hungary 1946 1949 One-party state Creation of the People's Republic of Hungary
 Indonesia 1945 1959 Presidential system Constitutional amendment
 Israel 1948 1996 Semi-parliamentary system Constitutional amendment
South Korea Second Republic of South Korea 1960 1961 Presidential system May 16 coup
Lithuania Lithuanian First Republic 1920 1926 One-party state 1926 Lithuanian coup d'étatnote
 Nigeria 1963 1966 Military dictatorship
(which led in 1979 to the democratic, presidential Second Nigerian Republic) 		Coup d'état
 Pakistan 1956 1958 Military dictatorship 1958 Pakistani coup d'état
1973 1978 1977 Pakistani coup d'état
1988 1999 1999 Pakistani coup d'état
Poland Second Polish Republic 1919 1939 One-party state Invasion of Poland
Portugal First Portuguese Republic 1911 1926 Military dictatorship
(which led in 1933
to the Estado Novo One-party state) 		May 28 coup
Philippines First Philippine Republic (Malolos Republic) 1899 1901 Military dictatorship
(De facto United States Colony) 		Capture of Emilio Aguinaldo to the American forces
Philippines Fourth Philippine Republic 1973 1981 Semi-Presidential Republic
(de facto Military dictatorship under Martial Law between 1972 and 1986.) 		Constitutional Amendment
Democratic Republic of the Congo Republic of the Congo 1960 1965 Military dictatorship
(De facto One-party state) 		1965 Congolese coup d'état
 Rhodesia 1970 1979 Parliamentary system Creation of Zimbabwe-Rhodesia
 Spanish Republic 1873 1874 Restoration of the monarchy Restoration
 Spanish Republic 1931 1939 Constitutional monarchy Coup d'état
 Sri Lanka 1972 1978 Semi-presidential system Constitutional amendment
Syria Syrian Republic 1930 1958 One-party state Creation of the United Arab Republic
Syria Syrian Arab Republic 1961 1963 One-party state 1963 Syrian coup d'état
 Turkey 1923 2018 Presidential system Referendum
 Uganda 1963 1966 One-party state Suspension of the constitution
 Zimbabwe Rhodesia 1979 1979 Parliamentary system Reversion to Southern Rhodesia
 Zimbabwe 1980 1987 Presidential system Constitutional amendment

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This section needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources:  "Parliamentary republic" – news  · newspapers  · books  · scholar  · JSTOR ( February 2019 ) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) In contrast to republics operating under either the presidential system or the semi-presidential system, the head of state usually does not have executive powers as an executive president would (some may have 'reserve powers' or a bit more influence beyond that), because many of those powers have been granted to a head of government (usually called a prime minister). clarification needed However, in a parliamentary republic with a head of state whose tenure is dependent on parliament, the head of government and head of state can form one office (as in Botswana, the Marshall Islands, Nauru, and South Africa), but the presid...
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List of modern parliamentary republics

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Full parliamentary republics Country Head of state elected by Cameral structure Parliamentary republic adopted Previous government form Notes   Albania Parliament, by three-fifths majority Unicameral 1991 One-party state   Armenia Parliament, by absolute majority Unicameral 2018note Semi-presidential republic   Austria Direct election, by two-round system Bicameral 1945 One-party state (as part of Nazi Germany, see Anschluss )   Bangladesh Parliament Unicameral 1991note Presidential republic   Bosnia and Herzegovina Direct election of collective head of state, by first-past-the-post vote Bicameral 1991 One-party state (part of Yugoslavia) Bulgaria Direct election, by two-round system Unicameral 1991 One-party state Croatia Direct election, by two-round system Unicameral 2000 Semi-presidential republic   Czech Republic Direct election, by two-round system (since 2013; previously parliament, by majority) Bicameral ...
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Historical development

Typically, parliamentary republics are states that were previously constitutional monarchies with a parliamentary system, with the position of head of state given to a monarch. Following the defeat of Napoleon III in the Franco-Prussian War, France once again became a republic – the French Third Republic – in 1870. The President of the Third Republic had significantly less executive powers than those of the previous two republics had. The Third Republic lasted until the invasion of France by Nazi Germany in 1940. Following the end of the war, the French Fourth Republic was constituted along similar lines in 1946. The Fourth Republic saw an era of great economic growth in France and the rebuilding of the nation's social institutions and industry after the war, and played an important part in the development of the process of European integration, which changed the continent permanently. Some attempts were made to strengthen the executive branch of government to prevent the unstable ...
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